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Israel Meir Kirzner (Yisroel Mayer Kirzner) (1930) is a leading economist in the Austrian School.

After studying with the University of Cape Town, South Africa in 1947-48 and with the University of London External Programme in 1950-51, Kirzner received his B.A. summa cum laude from Brooklyn College in 1954, an MBA in 1955 and Ph.D. from New York University in 1957 (studying under Ludwig von Mises).

Kirzner's major work is in the economics of knowledge and entrepreneurship and the ethics of markets. He is emeritus professor of economics at New York University, and is a leading authority on Ludwig von Mises’' thinking and methodology in economics. Kirzner's research on entrepreneurship economics is also widely recognized In 2006, Kirzner received the Global Award for Entrepreuneurship Research "for developing the economic theory emphasizing the importance of the entrepreneur for economic growth and the functioning of the capitalist process."

No other economist in recent times has been so closely identified with Austrian School of economics as Israel M. Kirzner.