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In a sweeping recnsideration of the relation between religion and modernity, Jose Casaova surveys the roles that religions may play in the public sphere of the modern societies. Casanova looks at five cases from two religious traditions in four countries. These cases challenges post-war - and indeed post-Enlightenment - assumptions about the role of modernity and secularization in religious movements thoughout the world.

"Know that you can have three sorts of relations with princes, governors, and oppressors. The first and worst is that you visit them, the second and the better is that they visit you, and the third and surest that you stay far from them, so that neither you see them nor the see you."

José Casanova

Dr. José Casanova is Professor of Sociology at Georgetown University and Senior Fellow at Georgetown's Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. He moved to Georgetown from the New School, where he served as Professor of Sociology from 1987-2007. He is a leading authority on religion and world affairs and has published widely on sociological theory, migration, and globalization. His critically acclaimed Public Religions in the Modern World (1994) has been published in five languages. Other publications include "Rethinking Secularization: A Global Comparative Perspective," The Hedgehog Review (2006) and "The Long Journey of Turkey into Europe and the Dilemmas of European Civilization," Constellations (2006). He studied Philosophy in Saragossa, Spain, received an M.A. in Theology from the University of Innsbruck, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Sociology from the New School for Social Research.